Why did revolution in Russia succeed in February 1917 Essay Example for Free

For what reason did upheaval in Russia prevail in February 1917 Essay In the Russian Revolution of 1905 there was a reasonable qualification among progressive and reformist belief systems. Such ideological divisions were abused by the Tsarist government and brought about the conciliation of the dissidents and the workers, and the devastating of the low class by the unwavering military. In stamped differentiate, the February Revolution of 1917 displayed a bigger, more grounded and progressively joined restriction to Tsarism which, joined with the deserting of the military, had the option to prevail with regards to toppling the Tsar and his despotic system. The exchanging steadfastness of the military and the more prominent solidarity in February 1917 were results of three interrelated elements: the First World War; activities of the Tsar; and grave political discontent. While the Russo-Japanese War, a forerunner to the 1905 Revolution, didn't break the confidence of the military, the sheer scale and seriousness of the First World War demonstrated essential in changing their devotions. Recognize that the unwaveringness of the military to the Tsar in 1905 was critical in overcoming the low class progressives †as confirm by the concealment of the Moscow Uprising. By 1917 the military was so hopelessly frustrated that their dedication no longer lived with the Tsar. The purposes behind such frustration lie in the lamentable idea of the Russian war exertion. As a matter of first importance, military annihilations at the Battle of Tannenberg, and the loss of Russian Poland to the Germans, effectsly affected trooper confidence. Such confidence was additionally influenced by how perilously under-prepared the military was †there were, for instance, a million a greater number of men than rifles. The gigantic losses from 1914-17 of right around 2,000,000, a lot more prominent than those of the Russo-Japanese War, additionally attempted to quickly reduce support for the Tsar. The deserting of the military in February 1917, a zenith of such discontent and disappointment, implied that the Tsar had no coercive weapon by which to smother upset. This thus attempted to make his renouncement a certainty. This isn't the sole purpose behind the achievement of the February Revolution be that as it may. The activities of the Tsar, according to the war, additionally demonstrated noteworthy in distancing those generally faithful to him. In 1905 the Tsar was particularly ‘behind the scenes’ †analysis towards him was not as forcefully focussed as it was by 1917. In 1915, by naming himself as Commander in Chief of the military, the Tsar figured out how to straightforwardly embroil himself in all war disappointments. This inseparable connection between the Tsar and the war, reinforced by his inadequacy as a military planner, is a key factor with regards to why his already steadfast armed force absconded, which, as talked about, prompted the achievement of the February Revolution. The Tsar’s choice to take such a job distanced his other help bases also, for example, the Liberals in the State Duma and the respectability. With Nicholas II expecting his new job in the military, the Tsarina Alexandra was left responsible for administering everyday issues in Petrograd. This at first caused social and political turmoil as the Tsarina’s German beginnings made her uncontrollably disliked and activated charges that she was lined up with the foe. Her relationship with the spiritualist ‘mad monk’ Rasputin, and the extensive impact he appeared to employ over government issues, fuelled further irritation with the regal family and created charges that they were basically ‘marionettes’ with Rasputin calling the shots. Rasputin’s unsafe impact on the home front additionally harmed the Tsar’s notoriety. Specifically, by selecting Alexander Protopopov as Interior Minister, a solicitation of Rasputin’s, the Tsar figured out how to compound the monetary disengagement brought about by the war as Protopopov demonstrated ineffectual in dealing with his obligation of assigning food supplies. The way that Rasputin was at last murdered by supporters of Tsarism is a demonstration of his disagreeability and the out-of-sync nature of the Tsar and Tsarina. While not turning out to be ‘revolutionaries’, both the Liberals and the respectability saw the Tsar as a snag for the endurance on monarchic principle. In 1905 the Tsar figured out how to get by speaking to the Liberals, in this way partitioning the restriction. The refusal of the Provisional Government (shaped out of the State Duma) to impart capacity to the Tsar, as the Revolution raised and the military absconded, implied that no such methodology could be rehashed. Joined with the surrender of the military, this destined the Tsar. It was the Tsar’s activities according to the war which added to the Provisional Government’s choice. With the military declining to pulverize the laborers not at all like in 1905, the Tsar’s just possibility of endurance lay with the Liberals in the State Duma who had framed the Provisional Government. As investigated, the Provisional Government wouldn't help out the Tsar in February 1917. This is incompletely because of a heightening of scorn felt towards the Tsar because of his activities during the war. It is additionally imperative to investigate the political discontent felt by the Liberals post-1905 as an explanation identifying with their dismissal of the Tsar. The Tsar had pacified the Liberals in 1905 through the presentation of the October Manifesto, which guaranteed them the sacred government they had yearned for. The dumas, whose force was limited through the Fundamental Laws of 1906 and the severe rules for the electorate, missed the mark regarding Liberal desires. The Tsar’s failure to perceive the requirement for change or some likeness thereof, delineated by his disintegration of the dynamic State Duma, further improved Liberal resistance to the Tsar. The Tsar had made it evident that he was not keen on change. Particularly considering the underhanded idea of the political concessions which helped spare him in 1905; by February 1917 any concessions made or offered would have been treated with extraordinary distrust. The Liberals, as it were, took in an exercise from the triviality of the October Manifesto. After a supplication to share power, the Tsar was rejected by Mikhail Rodzianko, leader of the Provisional Government, and the Tsar was in this manner exhorted by armed force boss and remaining pastors to renounce. Not at all like in 1905 where there was ideological disunity, misused by the Tsar, in February 1917 there was an aggregate understanding over all gatherings in Russian culture that the Tsar should have been gone. To close, the Russian Revolution of 1905 fizzled because of the settlement of the Liberals (and workers), and the resulting pounding of the low class by the dedicated military. The February Revolution of 1917 prevailing in light of the fact that, right off the bat, the army’s loyalties ‘no longer dwelled with the Tsar’, and furthermore, that the Liberals wished not for bargain with the Tsar, yet to topple him. The adjustment in mentalities of these two gatherings, generally faithful to the Tsar, can be ascribed principally to the First World War and the Tsar’s activities. On the off chance that the war wasn’t harming enough to the Tsar, his choice to take a ‘front seat’ in military undertakings further reduced his help from the military. With respect to the Liberals, there were at last no political concessions he could make to clutch power. In the expressions of history specialist Edward Action †â€Å"by obstinately declining to arrive at any modus vivendi with the Progressive Bloc of the Duma Nicholas subverted the devotion of even those nearest to the seat [and] opened an unbridgeable penetrate among himself and general supposition.

Red Tsar Essays

Red Tsar Essays Red Tsar Paper Red Tsar Paper At the point when Stalin rose to control in 1929 he asserted to the Russian open that he was a commit supporter of Leninism; his motto Lenin is consistently with us1 implied that Stalin needed to show that he was so like Lenin. Anyway Stalin stated his capacity at the head of government much like the Tsars by utilizing strategies of dread and publicity. Stalins individual tyranny implied he had solid components of being Red Tsar as he built up certain standard, this thought of being a Red Tsar originated from the conviction that Stalin wasnt focused on socialism, as his customary thoughts were suggestive of Tsarist dictatorial guideline, so viably he was a combination between the two decision styles. As Stalin wished to depict himself as a God-like figure; this made him a disengaged pioneer who endured no analysis, like the style of administering under the Tsars, as the two chiefs excused pastors at their own will and decided to follow up on their very own sentiments, for instance like the Russification strategy of utilized by all the Tsars, however specifically Alexander II and the nationalistic arrangements of Stalin. Stalins government was top-down2, and not at all like Lenin and Khrushchev, Stalin was exceptionally careful about how much his individual gathering individuals knew. Accordingly he utilized an unmistakable order, where data was retained from lower individuals. The Tsars depended on unwaveringness of elites to reinforce government, specifically the honorability and the Russian Orthodox Church, who assisted with keeping firm power over the Russian individuals. In spite of the fact that the facts confirm that both Lenin and Stalin encircle themselves with faithful I lites called nomenklatura, these elites turned out to be progressively significant under Stalin, as the impact of the more extensive CCP was decreased he slid into his own autocracy. The development under Stalin of the Party Secretariat, which was made under Lenin, implied there was a development in administration, something which socialist belief system objected to. As the General Secretary of the CCP Stalin had impact over all territories of the gathering, while the Politburo turned into the most persuasive body, as it controlled the activities of all administration divisions. In this manner the gathering turned out to be progressively brought together, as the impact of the grass-roots turned out to be less noteworthy. Thus history specialists, for example, Richard Pipes guarantee that Leninism caused Stalinism, as Lenins party looked like a more mystery request than a gathering in the typically acknowledged sense3, this prompted an elitist structure, implying that Stalins fascism was unavoidable. Albeit some can't help contradicting this view as they comprehend we would never have anticipated the degree to which Stalin utilized an individual fascism. The majority rule government strived for during the revolution4 and declined into a tyranny bound with control and patriotism suggestive of Tsarist absolutism, as just perspectives integral of the system were permitted and media from outside Russia were disallowed because of a paranoid fear of radicalisation. Hence concerning the sort and running of government Stalin shows up more like his Tsarist forerunners than any of his Communist friends, as he depended on elites, organization, elitism and a firmly controlled government, along these lines this makes him a Red Tsar. Both Lenin and Stalin had faith in a solid inner state, in which the gathering had unlimited authority in the running of government. Anyway Lenin didn't have faith in a formation of a religion of character as Stalin did, as Stalin built up himself as the wellsprin g of all wisdom5, this glorification as the Father of Russia6 never showed up in such outrageous power under Lenin nor Khrushchev. In this manner antiquarian Moshe Lewin contends that Stalins arrangement of government was a half and half of Marxism and Tsarism7, as a formation of a faction of character contains not many Marxist-Leninist roots, yet harkens back to the Russian convention of pioneer revere. Anyway Stalin and Khrushchev can be viewed as comparable as the two heads utilized cunning8 and turn doctoring. Be that as it may, there are clear contrasts, as Khrushchev did not have the inconsistent idea of Stalin and the Tsars. He asserted Stalin was a litsedi meaning a man of numerous faces9, hence there is an equal among Stalin and the Tsars, as both settled on impulsive choices in a spirit of meanness, specifically the powerless Tsar Nicholas II, who left his better half Alexandrina accountable for Russia in 1915 when he took direct charge of the military. In addition Khrushchev reproved Stalin and his techniques for Terror in his de-Stalinisation discourse when he rose to control in 1956. Likenesses between the Tsars and Stalin can likewise be drawn between the awful temper and severe natures of the two rulers. This is delineated by when hirelings found Stalins wifes demise they were hesitant to let him know, these Little People had a sensible antipathy for breaking awful news to the Tsars and Stalin, and they fell black out with fear10. In this way the two rulers directed and startled the Russian individuals with their tempers, making Stalin a Red Tsar. The dread that Stalin executed was fortified by his utilization of utilization of belief system, which was suggestive of the strict mentalities under the Tsars, as his utilization of glorification kept a tight rule on the Russian individuals. This utilization of belief system prompted his verifiable guideline like that experience under the Tsars, however Stalin underscored partition of the state from the Church, not at all like The Tsarist dictatorial standard was fortified by the help from the Russian Orthodox Church. The Tsars and the Church upheld each other for shared intrigue, and the lessons of the Church supported autocracy11, since most of the populace was strict, resistance to the administration was viewed as an immediate test to God and the Divine Right of the Tsar, this made any restriction disliked. In spite of the fact that this makes Stalin not the same as the Tsars, it doesn't make him like the other socialist pioneers, as Stalin grasped a minimal increment in strict resistance, and didn't crusade against religion nor advocate agnosticism like Lenin or Khrushchev. Stalins harsh strategies adjust him to the Tsars, especially Alexander III, whose standard was known as The Reaction, he supported modernisation and the conviction that training was dangerous12. Like Stalin, Alexander III accepted that training ought to be exacting and formal, though Marxist-Leninism which indicated less respect for formal instruction. Despite the fact that Lenin and Stalin were fundamentally the same as in a portion of their convictions, for example, the confidence in a monopolistic gathering, a solid express, the requirement for sensational changes inside society13 to make Russia a communist state. Anyway dissimilar to Lenin, Stalin didn't accept that the socialist development should spread into the West outside the USSR. In spite of this Stalin exported socialism during the Cold War, empowering the spread of socialism toward the East in nations like China and Korea. This additionally proceeded into Khrushchevs rule, when he indicated support for the advancement of socialism in Cuba. Be that as it may, from the start Stalins approach of Socialism in one nation put him beside most of socialists and indicated a total disloyalty of Marxist convictions. As Marxism was a global development enabling all the laborers of the world, and a development which impugned patriotism. In any case, Stalins patriotism in structure, communist in content14, harkened back to the Great Russian Empire under rulers, for example, Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible15, this patriotism constrained the Russian populace into energy, similar to that accomplished under the Tsars, which was never experienced to a similar degree under Lenin or Khrushchev. This is a clarification for Stains conviction that non-Russians ought to be formed into Russians. Though Marxist-Leninism expressed that non-Russians ought to stay in Russia un-upset, Lenin upheld this through his Decree of Nationalities in 1917. In this way Stalins patriotism adjusts him to the Tsars arrangement of Russification16, which constrained every one of those nationalities living in Russia to communicate in Russian. In spite of Stalins patriot convictions, Stalinism was as yet gotten from Leninism, and they had a few likenesses, for example, doubt of organization, the conviction the accomplishment of an idealistic Russia and both having had a disdain of applause nearby other people 17 . In spite of the fact that Lenin and Stalin had some comparable qualities, as their center convictions were gotten from the lessons of Marx. Anyway Lenin never endeavored to manufacture a faction of character and despised the term Leninism, as he thought of himself as a Marxist dissimilar to Stalin, who needed to build up the characters of the populace under his own glorification. Along these lines McCauley contends that Stalin controlled Marxism and Leninism for his own means18 as McCauley trusts Stalin was not a genuine socialist as he didn't appropriately grasp the philosophy. In addition his attention on customary convictions, for example, family esteems, the significance of marriage, and the execution of approaches, for example, making divorce troublesome and prohibiting fetus removal. These convictions made Stalin more customary in his qualities than Khrushchev and Lenin who both accepted shows, for example, marriage were obsolete in the public arena. While the style and functions of High Stalinism in 1930s appeared to be not so much Leninist but rather more an inversion to the past, as Stalins semi-strict symbolism, rough patriotism and illustrations with the extraordinary condition of building Tsars like Ivan the terrible19 make him apparently Tsariest. Thusly in spite of the fact that Stalin may share shared a few philosophies for all intents and purpose with the socialists, a significant number of his key qualities made him altogether different, as despite the fact that Marxism started the vast majority of their convictions Stalin had numerous conventional convictions that neither Lenin nor Khrushchev held. Stalins inside and out severity, outperformed the Tsars as well as his socialist companions, as E. H Carr claims Stalin resuscitated and exceeded the brutalities of before Tsars2

Role of the a3b4 nicotinic receptor in drug addiction and in the Essay

Job of the a3b4 nicotinic receptor in illicit drug use and in the antiaddictive activity of novel ibogaine analogs - Essay Example The variations from the norm that produce dependence, nonetheless, are wide-extending, complex, and durable. They may include a collaboration of natural impacts, for instance, stress, the social setting of beginning substance use, and mental molding. Numerous elements, both individual and natural, impact whether a specific individual who tries different things with medications will keep taking them sufficiently long to get reliant or dependent. For people who do proceed, the medication's capacity to give exceptional sentiments of joy is a basic explanation (Kalivas and Volkow, 2007). Authentic and social variables are keys to the comprehension of addictive issue. These variables influence the paces of addictive issue in the network, the sorts of substances mishandled, the attributes of injurious clients, the course of these disarranges, and the adequacy of treatment. Addictive substances help articulation of a few human capacities that can improve both individual and social presence. On the individual level, attractive closures incorporate the accompanying: help of unfavorable mental and enthusiastic states, alleviation of physical indications, incitement to work in spite of weariness or fatigue, and â€Å"time-out† from everyday presence through modified conditions of awareness. Substance use and reliance cause a noteworthy weight to people and social orders all through the world. The World Health Report 2002 demonstrated that 8.9% of the all out weight of ailment originates from the utilization of psychoactive substances (World Health Organization, 2004) . The report indicated that tobacco represented 4.1%, liquor 4%, and illegal medications 0.8% of the weight of infection in 2000. A great part of the weight owing to substance use and reliance is the aftereffect of a wide assortment of wellbeing and social issues, including HIV/AIDS, which is driven in numerous nations by infusing drug use. Over the previous decade, utilization of addictive substances has invaded its way into the standard culture in specific nations. More youthful individuals specifically appear to have a slanted feeling of wellbeing about these substances, accepting rather wrongly that they are sheltered and kindhearted. In the mean time, addictive substances are representing a genuine danger to the wellbeing, social and monetary texture of families, networks, and nations. For some nations, the monetary weight is moderately new, yet

Crocker v Sundance Northwest Resorts - Free Essay Example

Our precedent case: Case name: Crocker v Sundance Northwest Resorts Ltd._______ CanLii citation: 1988 CanLII 45 (SCC)________________________ Our precedent case has played an important role in the development of Canadian law; according to our textbook, it stands for the following principle (you may quote your textbook here): Duty of care Voluntary assumption of risk Contributory negligence Through our research we identified the following 2 cases where our precedent case was used by the Court to help determine the outcome. 1. Case name: Burton Canada Company v. Coady,____ CanLii citation: 2013 NSCA 95 (CanLII)__________________ 2. Case name: Hutchison v. Daredevil Park Inc.____________ CanLii citation: 2003 CanLII 25623 (ON SC)______________ Name of Case and Citation: Burton Canada Company v. Coady, 2013 NSCA 95 (CanLII) Type and Level of Case: Superior Court Facts: On February 16, 2008, Michael Coady, a 16-year-old boy, went to the Wentworth Valley Ski Resort, which was owned by Wentworth Limited (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wentworthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), to play snowboard. On that day, Burton Canada Company (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) was promoting their snowboard with several trials and provided free energy drinks that contained a lot of caffeine. Burton provided waiver documents forall of the snowboarders. On that day, Coady and his friends presented their IDs and signed the waivers. After several trials in the regular ski hills, Coady wanted some challenges and he went to the hills for risk-taker. He fell because of the high speed and suffered a very serious neck fracture, and finally confined to a wheelchair. Issues: Was Michael Coady contributorily negligent? Were Burton and Wentworth negligent? Did Michael Coady voluntarily assume the risk? Legal Principles: Duty of care Voluntary assumption of risk Contributory negligence How the Court Applied the Principles: The court considered that Burton and Wentworth owned a duty of care to Coady. As an occupier, the company should warn snowboarders the inherent risks of snowboarding, particularly for a snowboarder who is under the age of 18. Also, some instructions should be given to the snowboarders when they want to try the unfamiliar high-end board. The court rejected Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s defence of voluntary assumption of risk. As the snowboarding involves certain inherent risks, these dangers and hazards may result in serious personal injury or death. However, no signature was signed on Codayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s waiver by his parents or guardians, and the tragedy could be avoided if Burton insisted on parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signing. Burton asserted that Coady also had contributory negligence due to previously purchasing high-caffeine energy drinks. Nevertheless, the Judge pointed out the plaintiff was not affected by the drink and he did n ot take any particular energy drink before the accident. Judgment: Burton and Wentworth was responsible for half of the compensation ($24,000 in total). My thoughts: The court judged that Burton and Wentworth owned duty of cares to plaintiff, Coady. In my opinion, the Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s analysis of this case is sound, since Burton and Wentworth should take responsibility of taking care of individuals as entertainment providers, especially for a boy who is under 18 years of age. I personally do not agree with the result. The outcome was morally and ethically inappropriate, even though Coady received the compensation, which can be treated as compensatory to the plaintiff. Nevertheless, this result may increase moral risk. For some individuals who want to get a great amount of money, they may sacrifice their physical health to earn the compensation. In consideration of risk management, for any outdoor activities, sponsors should present waiver and insist it sign ed by teenagersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ parents or guardians, as well as verify playersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ condition that not only include ages or IDs, but also contain alcohol drink or high-caffeine drink. Moreover, host ought to warn participants about the nature and potential danger of activities, which means companies also need to post signs to alarm players. Furthermore, sponsors should prepare protective equipments such as helmet and kneecap for customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ safety. Name of Case and Citation: Hutchison v. Daredevil Park Inc., 2003 CanLII 25623 (ON SC) Type and Level of Case: Superior Court Facts: The plaintiff, Mr. Hutchison went to Daredevil Park with his family and broke his ankle because of slip when he was entering the waterslide. Mr. Hutchison, who had no experience on sinuous waterslide before, got hurt at the third time of using the slide. There was an attendant who was responsible for the use of both serpentine slides and straight slides, but he didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t provide Mr. Hutchison the relevant instructions. Issues: Did Daredevil Park owe a duty of care to Mr. Hutchison? If a duty existed, what standard of care was required and was the standard met? Did Mr. Hutchison voluntarily assume the risk? Did he have contributory negligence? Legal Principles: Duty of care Voluntary assumption of risk Contributory negligence How the Court Applied the Principle: According to the Occupiersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Liability Act, Daredevil Park has the responsibility to ensure the safety of customers. However, in this case, when the plaintiff entered the waterslide, there was no instruction from the attendant, and no signage or other warning at the entrance. Moreover, the lack of handrails contributed to this accident. The court judged that there was no evidence to prove that Mr. Hutchison knew it was risky to use the slide, and as he already paid for the ticket, he had the legal right to enjoy the facilities safely in the park. Therefore, the voluntary assumption of risk is not applied in this case. Mr. Hutchison had no knowledge about how to use waterslides and he didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t ask the attendant for instruction, so he had a contributory responsibility for his damage. Judgment: Daredevil Park had primary liability for the accident, so it was responsible for 80 percent of Mr. Hutchisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s injury. And Mr. Hutchison undertook 20 percent of all his damage due to contributory negligence. My thoughts: From my point of view, the outcome is legally appropriate because this kind of result for a public park that someone may get hurt is foreseeable (Just like in Crockerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, Sundance organised competition and provided drinks, so Crockerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s damage could be predictable). And as an occupier, it is the parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s duty to ensure customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ safety by all reasonable precautions. Nevertheless, different from Crockerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, Mr. Hutchison did not sign a waiver with the park, so he had no voluntary assumption of risk. I argue that the judgment is morally acceptable. As an adult with mature thought, Mr. Hutchison was supposed to ask for instruction as he had never entered waterslides before to avoid risk, so he ought to take partial responsibility for his injury. In terms of t he risk management for an organization, I believe it would be difficult for them to operate, especially in the public place since there are so many resources and labors are involved. Therefore, for Daredevil Park, it is important to train the employees as well as make enough and appropriate arrangement of employees. In addition, more signs and warnings should be built in those areas with potential risks. Comparison Both of the two cases we found used the principles in our precedent case, however, there are some differences about how they applied the principles as followed: Duty of care: In both of the two cases, Daredevil Park and Burton Company are occupiers so they have the responsibility to ensure the safety of their customers. In the Parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, the objective reason of the accident is the deficiency of instruction and handrails for protecting the customers, and the lack of signage or other warning at the entrance. Similarly, in Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ s case, the company had the responsibility to warn a snowboarder, particularly who is under the age of 18, about the inherent risks of snowboarding and how to use an unfamiliar board. Voluntary assumption of risk: In the Parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, no waiver was signed by Mr. Hutchison, which means there was no evidence to prove that Mr. Hutchison knew it was risky to use the slide, so the voluntary assumption of risk is not applied. By contrast, in the other case, the so-called waiver agreement was signed by the plaintiff, which means the plaintiff voluntarily assumed the risk. Nevertheless, in this case, the equipment users required a contract signed by parents or guardians when the user is under age of 18, and no signature was signed by Coadyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parents or guardians. Hence, the court rejected Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s defence of voluntary assumption of risk because if Burton insisted on parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signing, the tragedy may not happen. Contrib utory negligence: In the Parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, as an adult, Mr. Hutchison had no knowledge about how to use waterslides but he didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t ask the attendant for instruction, so he had a contributory responsibility and undertook 20 percent of all his damage. However in Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, Coady had no contributory negligence, because based on the judgment of court, it was too dangerous to let customers to try the barrel jib feature; also, it was not appropriate for the existence of such free high-energy drinks under the circumstances, so all his damage was undertaken by the company. 1

Youth Side Effects - 1116 Words

Discussion Given the weakness related with BPD side effects, it isnt amazing that people with BPD are probably going to first look for treatment amongst youthfulness. In a longitudinal investigation of grown-ups with BPD, the announced mean age at which people looked for treatment was 17 years (Zanarini, Frankenburg, Hennen, Reich, and Silk, 2006). A few clinical trials have been directed with young people who have BPD and have been appeared to be compelling in decreasing indications (Chanen et al., 2008; Klein and Miller, 2011). In aggregate, these discoveries feature the requirement for evaluation and treatment administrations for BPD amongst this formative period. Early identification and treatment may prompt enhanced results for these†¦show more content†¦Strangely, the two papers found a comparative example of results despite the fact that the specimens were very exceptional, with one comprising of a clinical example of young men and another including a high hazard group test of y oung ladies. To start with, Burke and Stepp utilized imminent information from the Developmental Trends Study (Loeber, Green, Lahey, Frick, and McBurnett, 2000), a center alluded test of 177 young men, to test connections among adolescence mental clutters and BPD in youthful adulthood. They found that adolescence and youthful side effects of ODD and ADHD and in addition marijuana utilize anticipated BPD indications at age 24. Upon facilitate examination in regards to which variables of ODD anticipated BPD, the oppositional behavioral side effects (e.g., contends), however not the full of feeling side effects (e.g., irate), were interestingly identified with BPD even in the wake of representing side effects of other personality disorder. The discoveries with respect to the absence of imminent relationship between certain youth mental scatters and BPD are additionally of intrigue. In particular, Conduct Disorder (CD), sorrow, and uneasiness were not identified with BPD indications in youthful adulthood. Moreover, when other personality disorder side effects were incorporated into investigations, ADHD and weed utilize were never again related. These discoveriesShow MoreRelatedThe Youth Health Issue Of Bi Polar Disorder1354 Words   |  6 Pages This essay will critically evaluate contemporary approaches that address the youth health issue of bi-polar disorder. 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Despite this, their purpose remains the same, and that is to show the positive and negative sides of non-conformism on the mental and physical health of contemporary youth. The issues used to convey this purpose are conformityRead MoreHIV Research Paper945 Words   |  4 Pagesestimated annual HIV infection declined 18% among young gay and bisexual males. In 2015, 8,807 youth were diagnosed with H IV in the United States with 80% of those diagnoses occurred in persons between the ages of 20 to 24. Among young adults diagnosed with HIV in 2015, 81% were gay or bisexual males. Of newly diagnosed males, 55% were black, 24% were Hispanic/Latino, and 16% were white. That same year, 1,489 youth were diagnosed with AIDS, representing 8% of total AIDS diagnoses that year. The statusRead More Medicating Young Minds Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesMedicating Young Minds In the article, â€Å"Medicating Young Minds†, which was published in Time magazine, dated November 3, 2003, it is stated that using stimulant medication on the youth is harmful. The articles author, Jeffrey Kluger, states that society must find alternative ways to treat young people for problems such as; ADD, ADHD, depression, anxiety, etc. Jeffrey Klugers argument is not very persuasive for various reasons: their ill-logical beliefs, their sarcastic tones, theirRead MoreThe Anxiety With A Referral From A General Practitioner1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthat affect the chemicals in the brain and nerves that control impulse control (Side Effects of Adderall, Drug Center - RxList, 2016). Adderall is used for many things such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) it can also be used for people who can’t concentrate properly for long periods of time. Adderall can cause many side effects if the instructions on the prescription is not taken these side effects incl ude nervousness, restlessness, excitability, dizziness, headache, fear, anxiety

The Americans With Disabilities Act Essay - 964 Words

All Americans deserve the right to receive the best medical treatment available, that includes those with disabilities. So what is ADA? What makes it so essential? ADA may seem like just a couple letters from the alphabet, although to a person that has a disability it means a whole lot more. ADA stands for Americans with Disabilities Act. The Americans with Disabilities Act is extremely vital in the medical field. Not only is it the law to ensure that there is appropriate access to those with disabilities, on the other hand it is also medically necessary to treat all patients. The Americans with Disabilities Act was founded in 1990 and it is designed to protect against discrimination of those with disabilities,(Jacobs, R.B Lauber, R.H, 2011). â€Å"In the Americans with Disabilities Act, disability is defined as: (1) a physical or mental impairment that significantly limits one or more major life activities, (2) having a record of such impairment, or (3) being â€Å"regarded as† having an impairment,†(Bernstein,S.K,2014). It is exceptionally crucial that all business comply with all the rules and regulations of the Americans with Disabilities Act, if failed to implement those rules there will be penalties to pay. The Americans with Disabilities Act, especially applies to health facilities, be that as it may it also applies to all businesses with 15 or more employees, (Lindh, W. 2014). The Americans with Disabilities Act protects patients or consumers with disabilities as well asShow MoreRelatedThe Disabilities Of The Americans With Disabilities Act1551 Words   |  7 Pageswith a disability (US Census Bureau, 2015). There are 6.4 million children between the ages of 3 to 21 that are receiving special education services (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). In Georgia, 23.4% of the population are people under the age of 21 living with a disability (Erickson Schrader, 2014). Bulloch County has a population of 71,214 and of the entire population, 16% of them are living with a disability (Cornell, 2012). By the standards of the Americans with DisabilitiesRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1277 Words   |  6 Pageshaving a disability was seen as a physical imperfection. People with disabilities were treated as moral and social subordinates. We were trained that if a person had a disability they were not able to perform a task with the same ability as a normal person. They have been denied jobs for which they are highly qualified because they have been considered incompetent, or because employers were not comfortable with their presence in the workplace. Occasionally people with certain disabilities have beenRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act931 Words   |  4 Pageslaw in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has been a challenge for employers to implement. This law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in both public and public businesses. There were numerous lawsuits where disabled employees have charged that employers h ave failed to accommodate his or her needs in the workplace. However, Supreme Court decisions interpreted the act in a way that made it difficult to prove that an impairment was a disability thereby ruling inRead MoreThe American With Disabilities Act971 Words   |  4 Pages The American with Disabilities Act was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H.W. Bush. (Mayerson, 1992). According to Hallahan, Kauffman, Pullen (2015, P, 14) â€Å"the ADA provides protection of the civil rights in the specific areas of employment, transportation, public, accommodation, State and local government, and telecommunication. According to Mayerson (1992, P1) â€Å"the ADA did not began at the signing ceremony at the White House, but it began in the communities, when parentsRead MoreAmericans with Disabilities Act779 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans With Disabilities Act Website 1 http://www.cato.org Sponsoring Agency: The CATO Institute Content and Website Layout: The CATO Institute has afforded the public with myriad resources, regarding disabilities, education, child policy, welfare, government and politics. This website is fraught with publications, informative videos and commentary. Summary of Contributions: In essence, the CATO Institute has invariably aided the public, including segments of the population who have sufferedRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1577 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act I Introduction The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is federal legislation designed to prevent discrimination against disabled people. It applies to all disabled persons, no matter the nature of their disability. This paper examines the ADA and discusses some of the ramifications of the legislation. II Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act (hereafter ADA) was enacted in 1990, and its purpose is stated thusly: â€Å"The Americans withRead MoreThe On The American With Disability Act931 Words   |  4 PagesAs a supervisor according to my knowledge based on the American with Disability Act, I as supervisor would give Cheryl an oral warning. I will notify her that the ADA law states that she needs to do her job appropriately. I will check on her time and performance. If she did not perform a good job then I will give her a written warning. My first recommendation is that she should meet the EPA advisor and get some assistance from that program because that program may give her the lesson how to improveRead MoreAmericans with Disability Act926 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act was established to restrain illegal discrimination in employment against individuals qualified to be disabled. The purpose of the law was to generally end discrimination in the place of work and to deliver equal employment chances for individuals living with disabilities or have had histories of disabilities. The act defends employees that experience physical or mental deficiency that greatly limits a key life activity. In addition to that, it protects the rights ofRead MoreThe American With Disabilities Act998 Words   |  4 PagesDisability is a complex word to define. Several attempts have been made to provide simplistic definition of the word however, it just added to more confusion and misuse of what the word disability m eans. The American with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines disability as â€Å"a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual†. There are many different perspectives of what the term disability means from an administrative, clinical, or academic researchRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1779 Words   |  8 PagesEverest. For many disabled Americans, Zack’s experience was an all too common daily occurrence until the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. Before the act was passed, disabled individuals struggled to get around and do everyday activities, such as going to church, going out to eat, and getting to class on time, which were simple for other Americans. When the Americans with Disabilities Act became a law in 1990, it enabled the disabled to take part in the American Dream. The ADA not only ensures

Evaluating the Competitive Strategy of Tablet PC Industry

Question: Describe about the Evaluating the Competitive Strategy of Tablet PC Industry. Answer: Jet Go Australia is an Australia based airlines company, which operates regular public transport in different routes (Technologies 2016). The company also provides service on the international market and therefore, the company has adopted different strategies. In order to evaluate the organizational strategies for surviving in the competitive market, following is the evaluation of the theory relating to Adaption, Aggregation and Arbitrage. Adaption: Adaption is a organizational activity, which helps the organization to create suitable presence in international market according to the cultural aspects of the targeted country (Mitra 2016). In order to conduct this activity, the company has adopted efficient marketing strategies for different countries. The marketing and promotional strategies are based on the needs and requirements of the consumers (Chen et al. 2016). In order to adopt cultural aspects of the targeted countries, the company has implemented effective communication model, which helps the company to understand needs and wants of the consumers (Chang and Tsai 2016). Apart from that, the company has improved their logo for different countries in order to create a global presence in different countries (Lee, Yoo and Kim 2016). In this aspect, the company has adopted variation approach, which helps the company to implement different policies depending on the countrys cultural aspects. Apart from cultural aspect s, legal aspects of the targeted country are also considerable factors for the company. Aggregator: This strategy helps to improve the service quality of the company in different business location. In this approach, there are certain issues that might affect the brand image of the company (Chen et al. 2016). In case of Jet Go, the company has taken a proactive approach for improving the service quality. The company has provided training to the workforce for improving their performance rather than just pressurizing the workforce. In this manner, Go Jet is mitigating the possible risk factor of aggregator approach (Chen et al. 2016). Arbitrage: this approach refers to the process of exploiting difference between different markets rather than adopting the market specifications (Mitra 2016). In this manner, most of the company adopts different types of pricing strategy depending on different market location. In case of Go Jet, the company has implemented different pricing strategies depending on the economical condition of the targeted country (Chen et al. 2016). Through this strategy, the company can maintain their business profitability by implementing respectively high and low pricing strategy accordingly to the market. Reference list Chang, S.C. and Tsai, P.H., 2016. Evaluating the Competitive Strategy of Tablet PC Industry by Using Fuzzy Group Decision Making Techniques Chen, C.M., Lin, Y.C., Chi, Y.P. and Wu, S.C., 2016. Do competitive strategy effects vary across hotel industry cycles?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,54, pp.104-106 Lee, S., Yoo, S. and Kim, D., 2016. When is servitization a profitable competitive strategy?.International Journal of Production Economics,173, pp.43-53 Mitra, S., 2016. Models to explore remanufacturing as a competitive strategy under duopoly.Omega,59, pp.215-227 Technologies, V. 2016. Take The Jet. Jetgo.com. Available from: https://www.jetgo.com/ [Accessed 26 May 2016]

Renaissance Art Research Paper Essay Example

Renaissance Art Research Paper Essay Renaissance art was born in the second half of the fourteenth century and continued to develop throughout the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, gradually covering one after another, all the countries of Europe. Renaissance art reflected the specific nature of the transitional epoch. Renaissance, which was closely linked to Florence and its society, is undoubtedly one of the most exciting in the history of Western civilization. It not only showed the world a whole galaxy of artists and humanist thinkers, but still contributes to the development of scientific thought, the formation of high culture, and is a great teacher of the beautiful. Formation of a new culture has become a matter primarily humanistic intellectuals, in their origin and social status rather motley and heterogeneous. Ideas, put forward by humanists, were difficult to characterize as â€Å"bourgeois† or â€Å"early bourgeois.† In the culture of the Italian Renaissance there was founded the nucleus of a new outlook, the specific features that defined Renaissance. It was generated by the new demands of life itself, as humanists eagerly sought achieving higher levels of education for a sufficiently wide section of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance Art Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance Art Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance Art Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The origin of prerequisites of the new humanistic outlook is more specifically associated with progressive tendencies in the development of spiritual culture of Europe 12-13 centuries. Urban non-church schools and founded on their basis universities became the focus of secular knowledge, reflecting the needs of social development. In the early Renaissance, the question began to arise of how secular or public art should be, how anthropocentric, what was the man’s place in it. Skillful brush, complex composition, perspective (three-dimensional painting), color, light, radiance, light and shadow, emotion and thoroughness in the work these were the main characteristics of Renaissance art. Mythological and biblical characters were central to the artists of the period. The human body was the main source of inspiration and the object of study in the art of the Renaissance. Similarity with reality has reached such an extent that the characters depicted in the works, seemed alive unlike presented by the art of the twentieth century, where, for example, in a painting by Georges Seurat people are more like fossils. For artists and scientists the human body was an infinite source. They constantly improve their knowledge and skills by studying the human body. Physical perfection reflected the prevailing view then, that man was created in the image and likeness of God. The gods were really personified and depicted as people with features that were inherent in a person, unlike the works of art of the Middle Ages. College students seeking to prepare a decent research proposal should use free example renaissance art research paper. These free sample can be a great source of relevant data if written properly. Are you looking for a top-notch custom research paper on Renaissance Art topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

Compositional Unity

Compositional Unity Unity is one of the features that are used to add value to an image in art and design. Some artists don’t know how to use the elements of design collectively to portray collectiveness thus when a viewer looks at that image, his/her attention is focused on parts that have been made to shout for attention than others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compositional Unity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper explains how artists use various techniques to bring unity in an image. The strategies used to achieve unity include proximity, repetition, and continuation (Skaalid, 1999). Graham (2004) argues that an image in art and design is supposed to present unity all over the frame of the work. The artist should therefore choose his elements carefully to avoid conflicts of elements. For instance, let us take a look at Soap bubbles by Simeon Chardin (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010). In this painting a young man is seen blowing soap bubbles using a small pipe and besides him is a glass containing the soap liquid which is used to reveal to the viewer the source of the bubbles. First and foremost unity is created in this image by drawing the objects close to each other and in fact the objects are touching each other. This is also referred to as proximity because there is some form of pattern in the painting. If the objects in this image were scattered there would be no unity. Overlapping has also been applied to create unity in this image. Besides, overlapping enables the viewer to view other objects in the background which are blended with the main image. In soap bubbles work, overlapping does not only create unity but it also reveals the other objects that are in the background such as the young fellow who seems to be shorter than the main character (Graham, 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concept of similarity is depicted in the picture because color has also been distributed evenly to create unity. This achieved by repeating the pale brown color all over the painting. This image suggests that Chardin is a seasoned artist because the emphasis of his coloring is even. If he had used brighter colors on some objects and dull colors on others the unity of the image would have been lost. Continuation in this image is brought by the repetition of the outline of the boy’s body structure which is progressed by the edge of the platform on which his arms rest. Another work that applies unity is an art work that was done by Claude Monet of The Woman in Green Dress in 1866 (Top of Art, 2010). In this painting repetition has been employed by having a continuous line of the edge of the lady’s dress which brings association among the objects of this image that is the woman and the ground on which she stands. The line which is portrayed by the edges of the ground is progressed by the line on the edge of the lady’s dress. The pattern on the lady’s dress has been realized by repeating the two colors simultaneously, that is green and black. The upper body of the woman is blended with the lower body by the smooth edge of the coat that she wears. The shape on the edge has been repeated on other parts to indicate where her arms are and her neck. It is important to note that the color on the edges of her jacket resembles that of the ground thus the two of them are bound by color. In fact the colors on her dress are used to add diversity to the image. Monet used dark shading which blends well with the color of this lady but she used temperate lighting to enable the viewer to differentiate between the shadow and the hair of this lady. Monet did another painting in 1873 which was referred to as The Lilacs in the Sun (Printing Mania, 2010). In this image Monet presents unity by repeating the pink color on the bushe s which blends well with the brightness of the sun.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compositional Unity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She does this to prevent the green color from dominating the image. Barasch (2000) argues that color can be repeated to add unity and in deed in this image the green color on the surface of the grass below blends with that of the bushes above which binds them together collectively. In conclusion, for unity in art work to be realized the artist must choose colors that are closely related. In addition to that the artist must place his/her objects close in order to bring out the intended theme of the work. Another important aspect is to ensure that there is some sort of continuation of line or direction. Therefore, the principle of unity within an art piece depicts the understanding of the principles of design. References Barasch, M. (2000).Theories of Art 3: From Impressionism to Kan dinsky. New York, NY: Routledge. Graham, P (2004).An Introduction to Painting Still life. Edison, N.J: Chartwell Books, Inc. Printing Mania. (2010). Lilacs in the Sun – Claude Monet Paintings. Web. Skaalid, B. (1999). Principles of Design: Unity. Web. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.(2010). â€Å"Jean Simà ©on Chardin: Soap Bubbles (49.24)† Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Top of Art. (2010). Camille (The Woman in the Green Dress). Web. Appendix 1. Soap Bubbles, ca. 1734 Artist: Jean Simà ©on Chardin (French, 1699–1779) Medium: Oil on canvas Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.(2010) 2. Camille (The Woman in the Green Dress) – 1866 Artist: Claude Monet: Germany Medium: Oil on Canvas Source: (Top of Art, 2010). 3. Lilacs in the Sun 1873 Artist: Claude Monet Medium: Oil on Canvas Source: (Printing Mania, 2010)

What was architecturally innovative about the Pantheon in Rome Essay

What was architecturally innovative about the Pantheon in Rome - Essay Example The Pantheon is a building in Rome,Italy that whose design and construction was under the directorship of Marcus Agrippa who was a friend and commander during the reign of Augustus. It was constructed as a temple to all the gods of ancient Rome,and it was rebuilt in 117-138 AD by Hadrian after it was razed to the ground during a war. The building is circular with a front entrance portico made up of eight large Corinthian columns made of granite. There are another two groups of four behind that are all under pediment. There is a vestibule, rectangular in shape that links the porch to the cupola that is beneath a coffered concrete auditorium. The dome has a central opening to the sky called the oculus, and it is the world’s largest unreinforced concrete dome. Fig 1: Pantheon, Rome. This paper seeks to highlight on what is architecturally about the Pantheon in Rome by discussing various features and aspects of the building. The version of the Pantheon seen today was built during the reign of Emperor Hadrian at around 123AD, which fused the technical, religious and architectural inheritance of the Egyptian, Greek and Roman culture (Baldwin, 2004). The Emperor’s emphasis on perfection of the heavens is reflected in other buildings built by him and in its self-similar use of geometry and proportions. The notion regarding the nature of the universe being spherical is more Greek than it is Roman with the portico and the pediment also being of Greek influence. The coppice of columns leading into the temple is evocative of the hall of columns or hypostyle found in Egyptian temples (Baker, 2008). The interior of the Pantheon called the rotunda is accessed through a pair of bronze doors, with the vertical and horizontal diameter of the interior space being 43.2 meters. This is exemplary of the Romans’ emphasis on the notion of perfection in the sphere but also the heavens, and this sense of geometric perfection permeates the entire structure (MacDonald , 2002). The Pantheon is composed of two compartments namely the rotunda and the portico, with portico comprising of 16 large columns at the opening of the building. The columns are under a pediment with a phrase across it that reads; MÂ ·AGRIPPAÂ ·LÂ ·FÂ ·COSÂ ·TERTIUMÂ ·FECIT. This translates to Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, made this building when consul for the third time. The walls are three storeys high and up to 6.2 meters thick with arches built into the brickwork to distribute the weight and achieve the height and strength required to support the dome (Baldwin, 2004). The thick walls are necessary to support and act as a buttress against the dome’s colossal stress. Inside the pantheon, the perimeter wall opens into seven niches that once contained statures of several deities a reference to the structure’s name, which means many gods. The floors are covered with beautiful tiles, which are an example of opus sectile roman mosaics that are used in the rest of the building enhancing the building’s decoration in amazing colours and patterns (MacDonald, 2002). The floor inside the pantheon is a checkerboard pattern that differs from the coffers in the dome, with each part of the dome’s interior subdivided according to different themes. They reinforce the building’s shape with the modular approach augmenting an individual’s point of reference of self and the size of the building. The dome of the pantheon weighs an approximate 4.5 metric tonnes concentrated on a ring of voussoirs that are 30 feet in diameter that form the oculus (Grasshoff, Heinzelmann & Wafler, 2009). Eight columns that are 21ft thick carry the downward thrust of the dome. The light from the open doorway and the oculus are the two sources of light inside the pantheo

Applying theories to learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Applying theories to learning - Essay Example This paper explores the relevance and impact of learning theories, especially in relation to my personal practice within a secondary school. In addition, the paper seeks to attain insights into the harmonies and conflicts that may prevail within the current educational discourse. In a special way, the paper explores diverse ways in which instructors model their teaching styles and strategies in order to match the learners’ needs and preferences. Theory and Practice of Teaching and Learning Learning theories and models are diverse and encompass behaviourist, cognitivist and constructivist, social, situational, motivational and humanist. Behaviourist perspectives hold three assumptions. To start with, they focus on observable behaviour rather than internal cognitive processes. Secondly, learning and behaviour are critically influenced by the environment. Thirdly, the principles of contiguity and reinforcement are principal to the explanation of the learning process. This approac h has inspired educational practices such as systematic design of instruction, behavioural and performance perspectives, programmed instruction, and instructor accountability. Cognitive orientation to learning, on the other hand, address processes that occur inside the brain and nervous system as a person learns. This approach shares the assertion that people actively process information, and that learning takes place via the efforts of the learner (Leonard 2002, p.5). Cognitive approach encompasses mental processes comprising of inputting, organizing, storing, retrieving and constructing links between information. Humanist orientation to learning emphasizes the potential for individual growth within the learner. Humanists introduce affective functioning of a person into the arena of learning. Humanists favour the notion that human beings can control their own destiny. In addition, they hold that humans are intrinsically enjoyable and desire a better world for themselves and others. Thus, any behaviour is a consequence of a person’s choice and that people are active agents in learning (Phillips & Soltis 2004, p.3). Social approach to learning highlights the interactions between people and views them as the central mechanism of learning. According to this approach, learning is grounded in observation of others within the social setting. The educational concepts that arise from this approach include motivational strategies, locus of control, social role acquisition, and the efficacy of interaction of learner with the environment and the other learners (Sullo 2007, p.4). Constructivist approach to learning perceives the learning process as involving construction of meaning from experience. According to this approach, the locus of learning lies in internal construction of reality by an individual. Learning Styles and Strategies Learning styles can be regarded as cognitive, affective, and psychological behaviours that are comparatively stable signs of how le arners perceive, interact with, and react to the learning environment. The physical domain of learning style incorporate visual, auditory and motor styles while cognitive domain spotlights concrete, abstract, sequential, and random styles (Hawk & Shah 2007, p.5). Affective domain, on the other hand, encompasses external and internal physiological and psychological factors that influence how people feel. The Index of Learning Styles (ILS) proposes four

History of Modern Philosophy Essay Example for Free

History of Modern Philosophy Essay 1- How, and with what success, does Hume deal with the apparent anomaly of the missing shade of blue? In A Treatise of Human Nature, Hume attempt to rid 18th century moral philosophy of what he considered to be meaningless and vacuous concepts underlying our theory of knowledge be it metaphysical arguments or hypotheses seemingly formulated from the mere imagination of many philosophers. Influenced by the emerging trend of empiricism and naturalistic science like Newton and Locke, which Hume owed much of his basic principles from Hume presented the Treatise as an attempt to introduce experimental methods of reasoning into the area of moral philosophy. In the first book of the Treatise, entitled Of the Understanding, Hume devoted the first part Of the Origin of our Ideas for explaining the basis of his philosophical system that appeals on the similar empiricist approach as that of Lockes. However, curiously, Hume had cited an explicit counter-argument the problem of missing shade of blue that could invalidate his whole philosophical system that is based on this central principle. Even more puzzling is Humes complacency with this problem, and although he considers the problem as singular and exceptional, he fully admitted to this counter example and did not try to resolve it. Yet, this case merits a deeper investigation, and it is this essays attempt to see whether his apparent complacency with the missing shade of blue would have any effect on the strength of his philosophical system, and other attempts to render this problem irrelevant. The problem of the missing shade of blue by Hume is as follows: suppose a man who is well acquainted with colours for thirty years and has seen all the colours in the set of possible colour spectrum, except for one particular shade of blue. Then, he is presented with a full spectrum of the shades of blue, from the darkest shade to the darkest, all except the one particular shade in which he has not yet encountered. It is then conceivable that this man would be able to produce this single missing shade of blue. The problem of this lies in the basis of the empiricist doctrine at which Hume is following, namely, that all ideas must be preceded by experience, yet, in this example, it is demonstrated that it is possible for an idea to precede sensation experience, as the man is able to produce the idea of the missing shade of blue without having first encountered it through his senses. At this point, I would like to elaborate more on Humes theory of mind and the origin of ideas as that would clarify why this example is so damaging to Humes system. As stated before, Humes project can be put into a general label of empiricism, which is a belief that all knowledge comes from experience. Much of his line of argument resembles that of Lockes, another prominent empiricist. Hume even borrowed Lockes key terminology to a certain extent, with terms like ideas and impressions. Locke believes that ideas are whatever the mind perceives in itself, or is in the immediate object of perception, thought, or understanding, as when one perceives, thinks, or understands, the ideas are before the mind. This limits all ideas to be originated from experience (perception), and also shows the connection between thought and perception and their interchangeable nature. The ideas can be divided into ideas of sensation (touch, smell, sight, etc.) and ideas of reflection (fear, happiness, sadness, etc.), which can then be separated further into simple and complex ideas, where complex ideas are derived from simple ones. Hume follows this line of argument with some modifications. He claims he restores the term ideas to its original sense by classifying the objects the mind is perceiving as perceptions, not directly as ideas as Locke have used, and from perceptions he then distinguished them into impressions and ideas, where they differ in degree, as impressions are more vivid and forceful before the mind, such when sees a colour, and the ideas are more faint, such when one thinks of a colour after having the impressions of it. Hume then makes the distinction of simple and complex ideas, and by introspection, Hume demonstrates that one can think of any simple ideas and then find corresponding simple impressions that are exact copies of each other, and one can do this with any conceivable simple ideas. Complex ideas are different in that they are composites of simple ideas. And with this experiment in introspection, Hume then postulates his first thesis, That all our simple ideas in their first appearance are derivd from simple impressions, which are correspondent to them, and which they exactly represent. We may call this the Copy Principle, as it simply states that every simple idea is a copy of a corresponding impression. One of the most important components of this thesis is the fact that its a genetic one in that it shows the origin of ideas as following from impressions as impressions to be the cause of ideas. Again, this is proved by the constant conjunction of simple impressions preceding simple ideas, which one can do to every simple idea one may have. Another support Hume gives is that of a man born defective of certain perceptive organs, hence, missing certain impressions (e.g. sight or sound), one would not have any ideas of those corresponded with the impressions, for it is evident that deaf people also have great trouble speaking. The genetic component is important in that they validate the empiricism doctrine on the reliance of experience. Anyhow, now we can see how the problem seems to defeat the purpose of this thesis. Moreover, a counter example, from a logical standpoint, one counter example is sufficient to turn an argument invalid. So why did Hume not deal with this problem? We may try to take it as Hume claimed the problem to be a singular case where it is not worth investing time on. Being a singular case, one may have to take the argument in closer inspection. Hume states explicitly that the man in question may have enjoyed the sights for thirty years and perfectly well acquainted with all the possible colours except one, and that may be the attempt by him to restrict this to some specific scenario. It is implicitly embedded in the counter example that the subject of this example must be well acquainted with all the colours, such that one can make up colours in ones mind, much like how only musicians of a certain skill level can sight read music. Thus, it appeals to some amount of experience such that one may be bound to experience, habits, or personal background. Yet, when given further consideration, this seems to be invalid as well, as these restrictions do not seem to hold. As far as experience go, a child who does not know what turquoise mean does not necessarily have an idea of the colour turquoise. So this case is certainly not an exceptional case and Hume had not dealt with it satisfactorily. Yet, Humean scholars have tried to find solutions for this problem and some even disregard it as a problem altogether. Firstly, the first objection to this counter argument is that there is no way to test whether the person in question does in fact have an idea of the missing shade of blue before seeing the missing shade or not. There is a great difference between being able to spot a missing spot in a complete spectrum of blue, and being able to produce an idea of the shade of blue without first encountering the impression of it. If ones sees a constant change in shade from, lets say blue-0 where it is darkest to blue-255 where it is the lightest shade, then if there is one shade of blue missing, it would be quite noticeable as the mind notices the jump in gradual and constant change, but it does not follow that one could create an idea of that missing shade. To test this is also impossible, as if one is to reproduce colour, it still does not follow that he produces the idea since he would only be mixing the existing colours to brighter shades, and thus, after finishing mixing the colour, one then has the idea of the colour following the impression. All other ways of testing is equally futile because they all involve exposing the subject to the missing impression one way or another. Alternatively, if we look at the thesis again, and instead of taking it as a genetic form of the argument that Hume meant it to be, and instead, modifies it slightly to a more analytical empiricism form. Humes thesis on the theory of mind, upon closer inspection, can be taken as a form of meaning empiricism, in the sense that ideas to him are the same as different thoughts, which are different kinds of concepts, which is linked to when one understands something in a linguistic sense one is linking the word with the meaning, or the concepts associated to the word. Hence, if we think of the initial genetic content of the thesis, that impressions strictly precedes ideas, we may relax it slightly in favour of the analogy to meaning empiricism and forget its genetic form and instead formulate the following thesis: that all simple ideas must have corresponding conceivable and encounterable impressions. By doing this, we are no longer faced with the problem of the missing shade, since it is perfectly possible that the subject would be able to encounter this particular shade. Lastly, from a personal view, I see the problem of the missing shade of blue as not a problem at all, but Humes mistake lies in classifying colours as simple ideas. It is true that the impressions of light blue might very well be different than dark blue, so to speak, but to use Humes method, it is possible to separate using our imagination the components light and dark from blue. Thus, it is the impression of blueness which is a simple impression, combined with the impression of light and absent of light that combine to give this multitude of shades of colours. Take this example, suppose some neutral shade of blue, lets number it blue 124, were put somewhere with light, you will be able to see blue 124. However, lets say for some reason, the room becomes lighter, certainly, the shade of blue 124 would have changed to some lighter shade of perhaps blue 200. If we vary the light in the room from darkest to lightest, it is then possible to observe from the darkest to the lightest shade of blue likewise. One may argue that the colour can be calibrated to some objective criteria, perhaps the ratio of pigments of colour blue of some sort, yet, that does not matter since all that matters to Hume is indeed only impression. Furthermore, using this example, we can also say that perhaps the subject of the experiment may have in fact encountered the particular shade of blue sometime before without acknowledging it. Conclusively, although Humes treatment of the missing shade of blue is very limited and very complacent, it is perhaps Humes own mistake for considering such example a problem, rather than the problem itself being a threat to his theory of origins of ideas.

Matrix 1 v.s. Matrix 3 :: essays research papers

After watching â€Å"Matrix Revolutions,† I was disapointed. The movie lost its confusing yet interesting story line that the first one did very well, and there were so many characters that a lot of them got lost in the story and they wasted many good actors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When they return to the real world and the battle of the machines starts, it just goes on and on and on while Neo and Trinity disapear for a long time. The fight scenes just never cut away for such a long time that in the end it became anoying to watch. When the human base was under attack by the machines, there was no dialogue for such a long time. The effects were really good but they didn't cut away from this specific scene for what seems to be half the movie. The visual effects were just as good as the first movie but the fight scenes didn't match the originals. It isn't a really bad thing to take out the fight scenes, it's just the fact that the first movie was based solely on those fight scenes and it wasn't smart for them to take so much of them out. There were only a few good fight scenes and the biggest one dealt with flying and it was sort of overkill by the end. I think that one big thing that made â€Å"Revolutions† worse than the first movie wa s that everyone seemed to be in love with eachother. After watching the first one I was expecting more fighting but instead they turned it into romance and it was drawn out way too long. It seemed that in â€Å"Matrix Revolutions,† they had too many plot points that I've seen in other movies before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The whole movie is full of little errors like this. For example, the machines make a deal in the end with Neo to defeat the agent Smith, and after he does, the machines are supposed to not continue attacking humans and growing them in their fields after years of doing so, just because of a promise. It doesn't make much sense. Neo comes in and saves the day at the end, but the movie doesn't really even explain how it works. Neo's about to lose and die and then magically he wins. I didn't think it was a very good ending, they should have finished the series at the end of the second movie.

An analysis of the poem ‘Monsoon History’ Essay

The poem is about the persona is reminiscing her childhood memories. It describes the persona’s â€Å"Peranakan† household during the monsoon season. In the â€Å"Monsoon History†, the lines are arranged in a particular way to create effect and the choice of words that the poet is focused on engaging the audience to interact with the poem. One of the themes of this poem is appreciating nature. The poem provides a vivid description of nature, which are the presence of creatures that are full of life, and the natural phenomena such as the monsoon. The monsoon is a period of uncertainties but when it is over there is tranquillity. We should learn to live by understanding the wonder of nature, even at times of uncertainties. The poet uses a lot of elements of nature and even small insects such as â€Å" gnats†, â€Å"black spiders†, †termites† in her poem. This shows that the poet is really observant of the things that are going around her and appreciating nature as she realised their peaceful co-existence. Furthermore, the persona faces the realities of life especially during the monsoon where the situation reflects uncertainties as indicated in stanza 2. The monsoon brings thunderstorm and rain, the atmosphere becomes moist. This is the reality of life in Monsoon History. One has to face this reality. Natural phenomenon in the form of the monsoon is in control and there is rolling darkness. The poem provides a realistic picture of what happens during the monsoon. The poem also highlights cultural richness. Traditions and customs are part of the culture practised by the people portrayed in the poem. There is a rich cultural heritage that needs to be preserved from generation to generation. This can be seen through strong presence of cultural sentiments that are symbolically presented this poem. For example, the poem provides some of the cultural practices such as the Nyonya-Baba tradition of wearing â€Å"sarong† and the burning of â€Å"silver paper† for the death. The â€Å"pantun† is also part of their culture and the â€Å"wash feet† is a taboo for them which symbolises whoever does not wash their feet before sleeping may have nightmares. The poem shows that people are identified through their cultural practices. The poet uses a lot of imageries which make our senses engage through the use of particular imagery in this poem. We as the readers feel the experiences as if we too are part of the experiences. For example, the auditory imagery such as â€Å"the air ticks† and â€Å"listening to down-pouring† are used to describe atmosphere. The poet also uses a lot of kinaesthetic as well as sight imagery by personifying animals, insects and the elements of nature in this poem. The use of words such as â€Å"air walking† and â€Å"fat white slugs furled† in this poem show actions and movement that makes the poem seem alive and engages our senses. The poem above is suitable to teach students for a reading lesson. For the pre-reading stage, teacher may ask students to work in pairs and share their childhood memories with their friends. They can talk about the foods, the clothes, the places that they used to eat, wear and go. This warm-up activity is helpful in activating students’ schemata and arousing their interests to analyse and understand the poem. As Aebersold and Field (1997) state, pre-reading is important to raise students’ awareness of the text that they are going to read later. After the warm-up activity students are usually ready to look at the poem. Therefore, as while reading activities, there will be two activities. First is the teacher introduces the poem to students. Teacher does a reading chain activity with students by asking the students to read one line each. Teacher may then ask students to get into group and discuss the elements such as the meaning, the themes and literacy devices of the poem as well as discuss the questions that are given to them by relating it to what they understand from the poem. By doing this activity, students may share their opinions and ideas. As a result, it may develop students’ interpretive skills. Lastly, as follow up activity at the post-reading stage, teacher may ask students to do a class project of Baba and Nyoya culture. Students are divided into four group: (1) Clothes, (2) beliefs, (3) traditions, and (4) background. In groups, they have to discuss, write and draw the ideas about Baba and Nyonya’s culture. Then, teacher compiles all the students’ work for the class magazine. This activity helps students to appreciate the poem more. In conclusion, Monsoon History is one of the good poems written by a famous Malaysian poet that has many good values to be taught to Malaysian students. Other than incorporating other type of literature such as British and American literature, Malaysian literature should also be embraced in education system seem they are appeal to students’ culture.

research into conformity essay - 771 Words

Essay Questions 8/10/12 marks Marks are always split equally Outline (AO1) + evaluate (AO2) Unit 1 (PSYA1)- only one 1 essay question Research methods Developmental Cognitive Unit 2 (PSYA2)- at least 2 essay question Social Stress Abnormality Outline + Evaluate research into conformity (12 marks) Outline (6 marks) - describing Evaluate (6 marks) Conformity- Asch, Sherif Moscovici, zimberardo Pick 2 studies – Asch and Sherif for example which 6 marks. AO1- (6 marks) 3- Asch – Aims, Procedure, findings/conclusions 3- Sherif – Aims, Procedure, findings/conclusions AO2- (6 marks) Evaluate – S+W Research methods It lacks Mundane realism- why ash lacks mundane lacks it and then why sherif†¦show more content†¦Both of these studies lack population validity. Sherif study was conducted on American University boys so it isn’t representative of everybody. Alike Sherif’s study, Ash’s study conducted on all males. So both studies are androcentric. This means that the results of both experiments are only representative for males and don’t apply to women so it isn’t representative of the target population. Sherif’s study was conducted in 1930’s and Asch’s was conducted in the 1950’s so the result’s lack temporal validity. So because they were done in the early 20th century, it was conducted in a time when standing out being individual wasn’t something people did. So the results are reflective of a conservative era. However they both have good internal validity. They were both conducted in a lab so the experimenter’s could control the IV well and recreate the right atmosphere. This means that the DV was only getting manipulated by the IV not by other contributing factors you could of got if it was a field experiment for anShow MoreRelatedResearch Findings Relating to Conformity Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Findings Relating to Conformity Conformity is the social process by which people in a group or in a social circle engage in behaviour which appears to be socially acceptable, that is they go along with the social expectations apparent at the time. One of the key factors in conformity, however, is yielding to group pressure, as defined by Mann (1969): â€Å" The essence of conformity is yielding to group pressures but it may take other forms and be based on motives other than group pressures† Read MoreSocial Conformity Scale918 Words   |  4 PagesSurvey and the Social Conformity Scale developed previously by the researcher. 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